???bartleby ：teamwork and the beatles?
巴托比：团队合作和披头士?
a new documentary on the fab four is a must-watch?
for managers, too?
各位管理者，披头士新纪录片不容错过?
?
1.?paul is strumming his guitar in a studio in london. george?yawns?and ringo looks on listlessly. john is late, as usual. suddenly, magic. a?melody?starts to take shape; george joins in on his guitar; ringo?claps?out a beat. by the time john arrives, the beatles’ next single, “get back”, is?thrillingly?recognisable.?
保罗正在伦敦的一个工作室里拨弄着他的吉他。乔治打着哈欠，林戈无精打采地看着这一切。约翰像往常一样姗姗来迟。然而，突然间，如同魔法一般，在保罗的吉他声中，一段优美的旋律呼之欲出；乔治的吉他也随即加入，接着林戈拍打出节拍。约翰姗姗来迟后，披头士的一首新单曲《回归》（get back），就这样呈现了出来，声声入耳，令人兴奋。
?
?1. strum?v. 弹奏（吉他等乐器）；漫不经心地弹拨
n. 弹拨声；一下弹奏
as she sang she strummed on a guitar.?她边唱边弹吉他。
2. listlessly?adv. 无精打采地；冷淡地
usually,?you?would?just?sit?listlessly, too?hot?to do?anything?else.?
通常，你只会无精打采地坐着，热得干不了别的事情。
3. single?(熟词僻义）单曲唱片
?
2.?“get back” provides both the standout moment and the title of a glorious new documentary by peter jackson, charting the days that the band spent together in january 1969, writing and recording songs for a new album. for anyone interested in music, pop culture or creativity, the film is a stocking filled with treats. when george is struggling for a line to follow “something in the way she moves”, john has advice. “just say whatever comes into your head each time—‘attracts me like a cauliflower’—until you get the right words.”
《回归》讲述了披头士们的重要时刻，现在也被用来作为彼得·杰克逊（peter jackson）拍摄的一部重量级新纪录片的标题。该纪录片展示了乐队在1969年1月一起创作新专辑和录制歌曲的历程。如果你对音乐、流行文化或艺术创造感兴趣，一定会觉得这部影片如同装满礼物的圣诞袜一般。乔治正在苦思 “她前方的路上”的下一句歌词，约翰给出了建议：“想到什么就说什么，比如‘像花椰菜一样吸引我’，直到你最终写出满意的词为止”。
?
4. line（熟词僻义) 歌词
i can only remember the first two lines of that song.
我只记得那首歌的头两句歌词。
?
?3.?executives should watch it, too. the question of what makes a team sing is a staple of management research, and the beatles documentary is a rare chance to watch a truly world-class team at work. it reinforces known principles, and adds some of its own.
这部纪录片也值得高管们一看。管理学研究的一个主要问题就是，如何让团队合奏出最强的音符。而这部披头士乐队的纪录片提供了一个非常难得的机会，让我们可以看到，在真实世界中，一个真正的世界级团队是如何运转的。除了进一步强调一些熟知的原则，该纪录片也有一些独到之处。
?
4.?take the role of ringo, for example. when he is not actually playing, the band’s drummer spends most of his time either asleep or looking bewildered. when the other three musicians bicker, ringo smiles beatifically. to a casual observer, he might appear dispensable. but musically, nothing works without him, and as a team member he softens conflict and bridges divides.
以乐队成员林戈为例。影片中，这位鼓手不是在击鼓，就是在睡觉或发呆。即便其余三人争执不下时，他也憨憨地笑着。在不知情的旁观者眼中，林戈似乎可有可无。但披头士的音乐创作却离不开他。作为团队的一员，他的存在软化了成员间的冲突，也弥合了彼此的分歧。
?
?5. bicker?v. （为小事）斗嘴；（诗、文）潺潺而流；（火、光）闪耀，闪动
n. 吵嘴，口角
the children are always bickering about something or other.?
孩子们有事没事总是在争吵。
?
6. beatifically ?? ? ?祝福地?快乐地?慈祥地
he?just?stood?there, literally speechless, for?twenty?minutes,?smiling?beatifically.?
他就站在那里，一个字也不说，整整二十分钟，在那里快乐地微笑着。
?
5.?psychological make-up matters to how teams come together. academics at carnegie mellon university and the massachusetts institute of technology have found that the performance of groups is not correlated with their members’ average intelligence, but with characteristics such as sensitivity and how good teams are 
at giving everyone time to speak. ringo provides backing; the band would be less cohesive without him.
成员间的性格组成对于团队的融合发展至关重要。卡耐基梅隆大学和麻省理工学院的科研人员发现，团队表现与成员的平均智力水平没有关联。而是与成员各自的性格特征密切相关，例如是否善解人意等。此外，每位成员能否畅所欲言，各抒己见，也会影响团队表现。林戈是披头士的坚强后盾。若是少了他，披头士的凝聚力便会削弱。
?
6.?another principle reinforced by the film: look here, there and everywhere for inspiration. in a study from mckinsey, more than 5,000 executives were asked to describe the environment in which they had their own best experiences of being in a team. among other things, the consultancy identified the importance of “renewal”, the habit of keeping staleness at bay by taking risks, by learning from others and by innovating.
影片也再次印证了另一项管理准则，即灵感可能在任何一个地方，需上下求索。咨询公司麦肯锡在一项调研中采访了5000余名企业管理人员，请他们描述何种环境曾给自己留下最佳的团队体验。在诸多环境影响因素中，受访者不断提及“更新”的重要性。“更新”也就意味着不再抱残守缺，而是敢于冒险，见贤思齐，不断创新。
?
7. staleness?n. 腐败；陈腐；不新鲜；泄气
there is?one?big?difference?here:?we have to be?careful about?staleness.?
这里有一个主要差别：必须注意时效性。
?
8. at bay?陷入困境?陷入绝境
however,?as?good?as?these?services?are, there are?simple?steps?we?can?take?to keep?them?at bay.?
然而，尽管这些服务很好，我们还是可以采取一些简单的步骤，使他们陷入困境。
?
7.?“get back” shows a team of superstars embracing exactly that ethos: playing the songs of other bands, grabbing ideas like magpies and happily taking the advice and help of outsiders. it is the introduction of a pianist called billy preston, known to the group from their early days playing in hamburg, which really makes the recording sessions start to click. (let’s make him the fifth beatle, suggests john. “it’s bad enough with four,” sighs paul.)
《回归》彰显了披头士乐队对“博采众长”精神的推崇。这几名超级巨星不仅善于在演奏其他乐队的歌曲时汲取灵感，也很乐于接受外行人的建议和 助。故事介绍了披头士乐队早期（1961年）在德国汉堡演出时结识了一位名叫比利·普雷斯顿的钢琴家，正是他的出现让乐队的音乐录制真正得以顺利开展。（约翰提议，让比利加入乐队成为第五名团队成员。保罗叹了口气说：“我们四个已经够乱了”。）
?
9. embrace (熟词僻义）欣然接受，乐意采纳（思想、建议等）；信奉（宗教、信仰等）
?he embraces the new information age.??他欢迎新的信息时代。
10 ethos?n. （某团体的）精神特质，道德意识
?the?whole?ethos?of the?hotel?is?effortless?service.?
该宾馆的整体理念是轻松服务。
11. click（熟词僻义）配合默契；运作协调；进展顺利
the team don’t seem to have clicked yet.?
这支队伍好像还没有配合默契。
12. magpie?n. 鹊，喜鹊；饶舌的人；有收集零碎东西癖好的人
adj. 鹊的；有收集癖的；斑驳的，混杂的
喜鹊是鸦科的鸟类。像他们家族的其他成员一样，他们被广泛认为是有智慧的生物。在文中衍生为“善于”之意。
?
8.?a third message of the film concerns when and how to let it be. in an effort in 2016 called project aristotle, google tried to define the characteristics of its most effective teams. one of its findings was that goals ought to be “specific, challenging and attainable”.
本部纪录片传递的第三条准则是何时以及通过何种方式提高团队协作的有效性。2016年，谷歌启动了“亚里士多德计划（project aristotle）”，这项研究试
图界定其组织内最有效率团队的各项特征。其中的一项成果表明，团队目标应该是“具体的、有挑战性的以及可实现的”。
?
?13. 补充 亚里士多德计划 ?通过分析，google 总结了区分团队和其他团队的五大关键因素。
心理安全?? ?psychological?safety在团队成员面前敢于冒险,而且不会感到不安和难堪可靠性????? dependability能指望他人准时完成高质量的工作结构和清晰度??????? structure?and?clarity目标、角色和执行计划都是清楚明确工作意义 ??? meaning对各自来说工作具有重大的个人意义工作影响 ??? impact从根本上认为自己所做的工作具有重要性
?
9.?when they first meet up, on the second day of 1969, the band has a task that fits these criteria snugly: to write an album’s worth of new songs in just a matter of days and perform them on a?tv?special. but how they get there is left largely to them. that doesn’t always work out. at one point paul yearns for a “central daddy figure” to set them straight on their scheduling. but the combination of a deadline and autonomy yields remarkable results.
1969年新年伊始（1月2日），乐队成员刚碰面之时就接到了一项完全契合上述标准的任务，即他们不仅要在短短几天的时间内写出几首可以收入专辑的新歌，还要在电视特别节目中演唱这些歌曲。面对如此艰巨的任务，他们却只有彼此。有的时候也并不能每次都能实现目标，比如保罗就曾一度渴望有一个领军式的人物来统筹整个乐队，但在截止日期的推动以及成员的自我管理之下，任务最终得以完成。
?
14. snugly?adv. 舒适地；隐蔽地；贴身地；紧密地
the?little town?nestles snugly?at?the?foot?of the?hill.?
这个小镇偎依在小山脚下。
?
10.?there are limits to what can be learned from “get back”. the beatles are not always supportive of each other—george, feeling disregarded by john and paul, briefly quits the band. drugs played a part in their output:?lsd?may be a red line for some managers. although technical ability is not the only determinant of success, sheer talent helped. any band with a lennon, a mccartney and a harrison in it would have an advantage.
乐队在纪录片《回归》展示的经验并非处处可取。披头士乐队成员并不是一直相互支持的——乔治觉得不受约翰和保罗重视，于是暂时离队。他们的作品也离不开毒品的“ 助”：但对于管理者们而言，新型毒品lsd是一条不可越过的红线。决定成功的因素并不只有专业能力，天赋也能向成功添一脚油门。任何一只拥有约翰·列侬、保罗·麦卡特尼和乔治·哈里森的乐队都能大放异彩。
?
15. determinant?n. <正式> 决定性因素，决定条件；决定子，因子；行列式，方阵
adj. 决定性的
put?more?strongly,?technology?can be?a?primary?determinant?of?social?and?managerial?organization.?
更强硬地说，技术可以是社会和管理组织的主要决定因素。
?
?11.?but one wider lesson comes through loud and clear. the beatles love what they do for a living. when they are not playing music, they are talking about it or thinking about it. they do take after take of their own songs, and jam constantly. managers who think that building?esprit de corps?requires a separate activity from work—here-comes-the-fun time, set aside for axe-throwing or?gif?battles or something equally ghastly—are missing a fundamental point. the highest-performing teams derive the greatest satisfaction not from each other, but from the work they do together.
然而，纪录片中最具有借鉴意义的经验已跃然纸上。披头士对于工作报以全部的热爱。他们不是在弹奏音乐，就是谈论或思考音乐。他们也会模仿自己的歌曲，经常即兴演奏。管理者们认为培养团队精神是需要把工作和娱乐分开——先工作，再留时间玩玩掷斧头或斗图等暴力游戏，但他们忽略了一个基本要点：最顶尖的团队并非从彼此身上获得最佳满足感，而是从他们携手奋斗的事业中收获快乐。
?16. ghastly?adj. 可怕的；惨白的；惊人的；极坏的
adv. 恐怖地；惨白地
?
???每日英语积累?
?1. busboy 餐馆打杂 注释: “busboy” 并不是“公共汽车售票员”的意思,而是指”餐馆打杂工(负责收拾桌子的服务员)”,来源于美国的一个短语 ‘ omnibus boy’ ,a boy employed to do everything (omni) in a restaurant including setting and clearing tables, filling glasses, taking used dishes to the kitchen,etc. 切不可望文生义哦。 例句: he asked a young busboy to help him. 他请求一位年轻的服务员 助他。
? 2. confidence man 骗子 注释:”confidence”有 “信任”的意思,但”confidence man” 绝对不是“值得信任的人”的意思,而恰恰相反，它的意思是“骗子”想想也是啊,骗子不就是通常先博得信任再下手吗?美国小说家赫尔曼梅尔维尔有部小说，叫the confidence-man(《骗子》) 。 例句: the confidence man found his next target soon. 这个骗子很快找到了他的下一个目标。?
?3. dear john letter 分手信 注释:第二次世界大战期间,很多美国士兵远赴重洋去打仗。战争耗时漫长,很多士兵的妻子或者:女朋友都不愿等待良人归来,写信给她们的丈夫或男朋友,提出离婚或分手选择开始新的感情。而这些信的开头通常是”dearjohn”,因为”john”在美国是非常大众的名字。 例句: he received a dear john letter from his girlfriend yesterday. 他昨天收到了女朋友的绝交信。
???????本篇文章的翻译出自一天一篇外刊翻译，原文出自经济学人12月18日&25日期刊商业模块 欢迎友友们在评论区打卡留言哦！祝友友们学有所成！????